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How to log on even when SYSDBA can't do so?

sqlplus using prelim option:
=============================

$ sqlplus -prelim "/as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 15 12:40:50 2010

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL>


The -prelim option stands for "preliminary connection". What it means is that sqlplus will only complete 2 of the below 3 steps of connection establishment:
When you log on normally (even as SYSDBA), this is what happens:

    1. A new Oracle process is started (either by the listener or by local sqlplus if using the local BEQ connection)
    2. The new process attaches to SGA shared memory segments (so it could access all the needed SGA structures)
    3. The new process allocates process and session state objects and initializes new session structures in SGA

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